Orifice plates are the simplest type of primary flow elements. Common types of differentialpressure flow meters are the orifice, the pitot tube, and the venturi tube. Calibration of an orifice plate flowmeter mechanical engineering department king saud university riyadh submitted by. Jan 02, 2016 a photograph of an integral orifice plate and transmitter is shown here,in an application measuring the flow of purified oxygen gas through a copper pipe. Orifice plate flow calculations and design engineers. The software can be used to size orifice plates square edge orifices. Flow rate is determined based on the difference between pressure readings in the upstream side and the downstream side of the pipe. The use of a fixed restriction orifice can be beneficial and economic by reducing the demands on other flow system components. Depending on the service, these seals are made of nitrile, tfe, or stainless steel. The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thinplate, concentric. Orifice plates are manufactured to stringent guidelines and tolerances for flatness bore diameter, surface finish, and imperfections in machining such as. It is typically made of carbon steel, and the main components of the device are.
The upstream side of the orifice plate usually has a sharp, square edge facing into the flow. Orifice plates are flat plates 116 to 14 inch thick. The device is mainly used when the transfer of hydrocarbons from one entity to other entity has to take place. Introduction an orifice meter is a type of flow meter used to measure the rate of flow of liquid in form of steam, using the differential pressure measurement principle. An orifice plate measures the flow of a liquid or gas by the difference in pressure from the upstream to the downstream.
Lets consider a few typical orifice plate configurations. The orifice meter tube meter run consists of upstream and downstream sections of pipe for which size and tolerance have been determined through calculation and which conform to specifications set forth in ansiapi 2530 gpa 818585 140. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. Generally the plate holder is of soft iron material. The plate holder along with the orifice plate can be also machined from one piece. They are normally mounted between a pair of flanges and are installed in a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and valves. Download information about different types of orifice plates with hub connections. Line sizes 210 require a removable orifi ce plate seal. An orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a gas or a fluid.
Their bore diameter is calculated to generate the specified diflerential pressure at full scale flow rate. Jul 03, 2018 construction and working principle of orifice plate flow meter video lecture of flow measurement transducers chapter in subject electronic instrumentation an. The task of properly sizing an orifice plate for any given application is complex enough to recommend the use of special orifice sizing computer software provided by orifice plate manufacturers. Blenden iso 5167 2 2003 deutsche fassung en iso iso 5167 orifice plate flow meter excel download free ebook. The original orifice plate holding device was the orifice flange union figure 1. Mar 21, 2018 orifice is defined as the small opening on side or bottom of a tank through which any kind of fluid is flowing. The sizing of multiholes orifice plates is achieved in our design office with the same software as the one used for sharpedge orifice plates in compliance with the iso5167 standard. This seal ring is available as an optional accessory from cameron. Types of orifice plates square edged concentric these are most commonly used for flow measurement. The plate obstructing the flow offers a precisely measured obstruction that narrows the pipe and forces the flowing fluid to constrict. Flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry 23 of 33 turbine meters can be provided with an electronic flow ratecumulative flow readout mounted either. These orifice plate types employ rounded or conicalentrance holes in an effort to minimize the effects of fluid viscosity. The orifice plate flow detector is the simplest of the flowpath restrictions used in flow detection, as well as the most economical.
The thickness of the orifice plate at the orifice edge shall not exceed the smaller of 1 50 of the pipe diameter d or 1 8 of the orifice diameter d. When a fluid passes th roug h an orifice, the discharge is often considerably less than the amou nt calculated on the assumption that the energy is conserved and that the flow through th e or ifice is uniform and pa ral lel. The orifice plates are correctly finished to the dimensions, surface roughness, and flatness to the applicable standard. Types of orifice plates advantages and disadvantages concentric, eccentric, segmental, quadrant edge mecholic 1 comments. Orifice plates for flow measurement and flow restriction. Orifice flanges are one of the most economical means of measuring flow, and daniel orifice flanges are manufactured to be the most accurate. Line sizes 12 and above require the seal to be vulcanized to the o. As shown in figure 6223 the maximum thickness varies from 0. Orifice plate, model flcop orifice flange, model flcfl.
Orifice plates, orifice plates manufacturers, types of. The orifice plate is available in standard material such as ss316, ss304, ss316l, monel, hastelloyc, etc. The orifice plate is one of the simplest devices that can be easily introduced to the flow system. But the following are important from the subject point of view. This plate creates a restriction in a pipe that causes a difference in pressure between the two sides.
Orifice plate an orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate, for reducing pressure or for restricting flow in the latter two cases it is often called a restriction plate. With an orifice plate, the fluid flow is measured through the difference in pressure from the upstream side to the downstream side of a partially obstructed pipe. Universal type orifice plate the universal type orifi ce plate is designed to be used in an orifi ce fi tting. As the headline implies two main types of flow limitation exist. The plate is similar to the type 500 orifice plate but has a 2in. Though inexpensive as compared to other devices, the orifice flange union utilizes the more expensive paddletype orifice plate and requires additional labor to perform an orifice plate change. The operator must loosen all bolts and remove half of the bolts, spread the flanges by. Behind the orifice the pressure recovers partly to its original value. Orifice plate a thin squareedged plate with a machined circular bore concentric with the meter tube i. This type of orifice plate is manufactured by machining a precise, straight hole in the middle of a thin metal plate. Some orifice plates employ nonsquareedged holes for the purpose of improving performance at low reynolds number values, where the effects of fluid viscosity are more apparent.
Paddle type orifice plates series 520 series 520 the paddle type orifice plate series 520 is designed for use between orfice flange unions. To calculate the flowrate of a fluid passing through an orifice plate, enter the parameters below. In fact, this allows squareedged orifice plates to be used for measuring bidirectional flow rates where the fluid flow direction reverses itself from time to time. Plates can be ordered in standard stainless steel or optional monel. Standard paddletype plates are also available for use in daniel. The design of an orifice plate or any other primary device starts with the accumulation of several data items. Pdf flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry.
Restriction orifice plates and critical flow devices. As the fluid flows through the hole in the orifice plate, in accord. Orifice plate flow meter construction and working principle. It is based on proven technology, has no moving parts and is suitable for hightemperature and highpressure applications. It mainly consists of an orifice plate, an orifice plate housing, and a meter tube. In flow control applications, orifice plates are used as restriction devices to regulate fluid flow or reduce the flowing pressure downstream of the orifice plate. Orifice plates are mainly used for flow measurements. The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thinplate, concentric orifice meter which is the primary device discussed in this paper. They offer significant cost benefits over other types of flow meters, especially in larger line sizes, and have proved to be rugged, effective and reliable over many years. The pressure difference between the static pressures upstream and downstream of the orifice plate is measured by a differential pressure transmitter. The simplest design of orifice plate is the squareedged, concentric orifice. Iso5167 standard the multiholes orifice plate is a nonstandardized flow element but is designed and manufactured according to iso5167 standard requirements. The orifice consists of a flat plate with a hole drilled in it.
The value of the differential pressure is very much depending on the diameter ratio. Orifice plate apertures can be configured to handle various flow measurement applications. When it obstructs the flow of a fluid, a differential pressure is produced across the plate. The orifice plate should be located where the fluid is cleanest. The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thin plate, concentric orifice meter which is the primary device discussed in this paper.
The design of the orifice plate, its position and the position of the tappings are described and specified by bs and iso standards to minimise pressure losses and to give reproducible results. The orifice plate has a tab or printed label on one side where the specifications for the plate are stamped. Orifice plate assemblies with rtj holder the plate holder assembly is a combination of plate holder and an orifice plate designed for ring tongue joint rtj flanges. Construction and working principle of orifice plate flow meter video lecture of flow measurement transducers chapter in subject electronic instrumentation an. In case of orifices, the drop in pressure varies from the location of the orifice plate to the downstream side until the flow becomes fully developed. There is a remaining pressure loss differential pressure flow measurement with orifice plates and other types of restrictions is standardized by iso 5167. Types of pressure taps used in orifice posted by akki on 1. Orifice plate is a device for measuring volumetric or mass fluid flow rates. There are many types of inferential meters available, including. Of all the pressurebased flow elements in existence, the most common is the orifice plate. Nov 10, 2018 an orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a gas or a fluid. Looking at a side view of a squareedged concentric orifice plate reveals sharp edges 90o corners at the hole. A fluid passing though an orifice constriction will experience a drop in pressure across the orifice.
Looking at the sideview of this orifice plate, the intended direction of flow is lefttoright, with the sharp edge facing the incoming fluid stream and the bevel providing a noncontact outlet for the fluid. An orifice flow meter figure 1 is used to create a constriction in the flow path. The line size, flange rating, orfice bore, and plate material is stamped on the handle. A meter then measures the difference in pressure across the orifice plate. Types of orifice plates advantages and disadvantages concentric, eccentric, segmental, quadrant edge mecholic 1 comments the orifice plate is one of the simplest devices that can be easily introduced to the flow system. Orifice design calculator crane and iso5167 methods. The plate holder has a function of holding the orifice plate and also a function as a gasket to prevent leakage of the process fluid. Considered the most common primary element, meriams concentric orifice plates are precision bored to exact dimensions with a sharp upstream edge to ensure accuracy. Calculation, materials and welding is fully documented. The opening can be of circular, triangular or rectangular in cross section and they are named on the basis of shape accordingly. When a fluid whether liquid or gaseous passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice. Standard flange styles are raised face rf weld neck, rf slipon, or rf threaded for paddle type orifice plates, and ring type joint rtj weld neck for universal. They are used to allow the transmitter to tap into the pipe to measure the high and low pressure sides of the flow. Beveled orifice plates are obviously unidirectional, and must be installed with the paddle text facing upstream.
Types of orifice plate designs the orifice plate is a relatively inexpensive component of the orifice flow meter. Types of orifice plates used in flow measurement learning. Orifice is defined as the small opening on side or bottom of a tank through which any kind of fluid is flowing. Types of pressure taps used in orifice piping guide.
Orifice plates are typically sandwiched between two flanges of a pipe joint, allowing for easy installation and removal. Orifices are mainly used for measuring the rate of fluid flow. Square edge concentric, quadrant edged, conical entrance. The orifice plate is basically a thin metal plate 1. This issimply a metal plate with a hole in the middle for fluid to flow through. Circular orifice rectangular orifice triangular orifice c. Orifice plates are recommended for clean liquids, gases and lowvelocity steam flows. Keywords daniel, flange union, daniel industries orifice plate. This change can be used to measure the flowrate of the fluid. These data points are then used to design physical dimensions of the orifice plate including the outer diameter, the plate thickness, the handle requirements, and the orifice bore. Types of orifices orifices can be of different types depending upon their size, shape, and nature of discharge. Deltafluid design office studies, designs and delivers drawings for any different type of orifice plates as well as complete flow and temperature.
Orifice plate holder a pressure containing piping element, such as a set of orifice flanges or an orifice fitting used to contain and position the orifice plate in the piping system. Over the years we have manufactured and supplied orifice plate assemblies to many. Universal orifice plates type 500 the type 500 orifice plate is a standard design used in most brands of single and dual chamber orifice fittings. The orifice plate is held perpendicular to flow by flanges or a fitting. Orifice plate assemblies with rtj holder flow measuring.
One type is the restriction orifice plate, which in construction and calculation follows the orifice plate, i. Pair this up with an orifice flange to provide a convenient, accurate method for installing orifice plates. It is used for robust applications as it is known for its durability and is economical. There are several types of orifice flanges, the more common being. It consists of an orifice plate which is the basic element of the instrument. An orifice plate is an instrumentation device which is used for measuring the gas or liquid flow rate, reducing the pressure of flowing fluid or gas, and restricting the flow rate.
This refers to the geometries, system configurations and to the rules of measured value calculation. Different types of orifice plates instrumentation and. Squareedged orifice plates may be installed in either direction, since the orifice plate appears exactly the same from either direction of fluid approach. Orifice plates are the most widely used type of flow meters in the world today. Nonnuflo brand dual chamber fittings may require a nitrile seal ring. In the case of a sharpedged orifice, the effective diameter is 0.
1118 1224 973 1026 722 246 142 1215 849 940 159 999 89 511 810 351 1298 1060 1258 77 1489 505 1493 96 860 744 322 1470 1506 1001 1379 914 758 149 1511 107 1078 1013 540 425 548 1219 107 263 292 579 576 1384 742 1217